We have got our BEST EVER offer available at the moment. We're running live podcasts on Zoom, we've got weekly quizzes where you can win prizes, and exclusive subscriber only articles. Subscribe to History Hit and you'll get access to hundreds of history documentaries, as well as every single episode of this podcast from the beginning (400 extra episodes). Professor Peter Wilson of Oxford University took me on a whistle stop tour through these tumultuous years - from defenestrations in Prague, Westphalian sovereignty and how the soldiers of WWI remembered these events three centuries later. It killed nearly a quarter of all Germans and transformed the map of the modern world. Gustavus was so weakened by the struggle that he sent peace proposals to Wallenstein, who dismissed them.The Thirty Years War devastated seventeenth-century Europe. Disease killed 10,000 Swedish and allied troops, with an additional 11,000 deserters. Eventually, the siege ended after eleven weeks when the Swedes and their allies withdrew.
To try to break the deadlock, 25,000 men under Gustavus attacked the Imperial entrenchments in the Battle of the Alte Veste on 3 September but failed to break through, having lost 2,500 men compared to 900 Imperials. With poor sanitation and inadequate supplies, both sides suffered from hunger, typhus and scurvy. Gustavus' army grew through reinforcements from 18,500 to 45,000 men with 175 field guns, the largest army he ever led in person. Foraging to supply such a large static besieging force proved to be extremely difficult. In Wallenstein's camp, there were 50,000 soldiers, 15,000 horses and 25,000 camp followers. It proved difficult for the besiegers to maintain the siege because the city was large and needed a large force to man the circumvallation.
Wallenstein's army immediately started to invest Nuremberg and laid siege to the city, waiting for hunger and epidemics to cripple the Swedish force. In July 1632, rather than face the numerically superior combined Imperial and Catholic League army under the command of Albrecht von Wallenstein and Bavarian Elector Maximilian I, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ordered a tactical retreat into the city of Nuremberg. The siege of Nuremberg was a campaign that took place in 1632 about the Imperial City of Nuremberg during the Thirty Years' War.
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